Motor-fuel.



cim'r L. E. MUELLER, oraomnr, ILLINOIS.

I MOTOR-FUEL.

n 1 2g7 388 Specification of Letters Patent.

No Drawing. 7

To all whom. it may concern:

Be it known that I, CURT L. E. MUELLER,

a citizen of the United States, and a resident i the distillate derivedfrom crude petroleum.

of Joliet, in the county of \Vill and State of Illinois, have inventedcertain new and useful Improvements in Motor-Fuel, of which thefollowing is a specification.

My present invention relates to the provision of a, fuel suitable foruse in internal combustion engines and the objects of my invention arethe provision of such a fuel which can be made, at least in part, fromsubstances not heretofore employed in the manufacture of such a fuel,which can be economically made, which will be fully combustible, andwhich will have, upon combustion, an improved power producin value. Thefuel hereinafter described retains sufficient lubricating qualities soas to lubricate the cylinders of an internal combustion, en-

gine which materially reduces the amount of lubricant necessary in therunning of such an engine and will absolutely prevent the cylinders everrunning dry and sticking or freezing, as it is called.

In order to attain the above results, I have had recourse to theso-called coal tar derivatives which are the by-products of the In thisgrouping I have disregarded the ammoniacal fumes which are driven off inthe distillation of the coal tar derivatives at the comparatively lowtemperature of 20 degrees centigrade. The first group of which I availmyself are what may be styled the light oils or crude naphtha, whichdistil from the coal tar derivatives up to a temperature of '170 degreescentigrade. These oils generally have the characteristic of a specificgravity of less than one and in the preparation of the light oils foruse iii my fuel and after they have been extracted by distillation ofcoal tar derivatives up to a temperature of 170 degrees centigrade, thelight oils which I use are prepared by washing them through a solutionof sodium nitrite (N aNO Baum. This is done prior to the mixing of thelight oils with A second group of coal tar derivatives are called thedead oils; and a third group Patented Mar. 18, 1919.

Application filed October 21, 1918. Serial No. 259,056.

are the heavy oils or anthracene oils. Both the dead oils and theanthracene oils usually are characterized by specific gravity in excessof one, or that of water, and distil over from the coal tar derivativesat a temperature in excess of 180 degrees Centigrade.

I do not employ the dead oils, with the exception of naphthalene,diphenyl, and phenol, in the manufacture of my fuel and these unuseddead oils, may be separated from the heavy oils, or anthracene oils bytreatment with caustic soda or in any other desired manner. After theextraction of the dead oils and the heavy oils from the coal tarderivatives, there remains a. fifth class generally but definitelydescribed as pitch and subsides, but of this class I make no use.

Among the anthracene oils above referred to are anthracene (C H chrysene(C, H pyrene (C H fluorene (C H ;and retene(C H, Of the dead oils Iemploy naphthalene (C H diphe nyl (C I-I and phenol (C H OH); and I alsoemploy anthraquinone (C H O which is the product of the oxidation ofanthracene with 'chromic acid.

The above, as well as other anthracene and in the following manner:

Seventy-five parts of naphthalene are dissolved at, preferably 100degrees centigrade,

in 100 parts of light oils or toluene; fifty parts of diphenyl aredissolved at the same temperature in 100 parts of light oils or toluene;twelve parts of anthracene are dissolved at 100 degrees centigrade in100 parts I of light oils or toluene; five parts of chrysene aredissolved at the same temperature in 100 parts of light oils or toluene;forty parts of pyrene aredissolved at 100 degrees centigrade in 100parts of light oils or toluene; two and fifty hundredths parts ofanthraquinone are dissolved at 100 degrees centigrade in 100 parts oflight oils or toluene; thirty parts of fluorene are dissolved at 100degrees Centigrade in 100 parts of light oils or toluene; fifteen partsof retene are dissolved at 100 degrees centigrade in 100 parts of lightoils or toluene.

After dissolving the naphthalene, pyrene and flfiorene in light oils ortoluene, these radicals may be treat-edto produce neutral picrates andthen dissolved in the propor=v tions and in the manner above describedfor the other radicals. A mixturev of the above solutions is then madewith the product of distillation of crude petroleum when heated to atemperature up andto 350 degrees centigrade. The comparativel .lowspecific gravities of the solutions a ove described renderit possible tocontrol, within desired limits, the Specific gravity of the finalcomposition by taking a greater or less propor tion of the aforesaidsolutions. The desired flash point also can likewise be controlled inthe same manner, as a greater proportion of the solutions will'lower theflash. point.

I have not set forth herein the propor';

' tions for mixing as different specific gravities and difierentflash-points are'required in different localities and the requisitespecific gravity and flash "point'caneasily be ascertained upon mixtureby means of a hydrometer, with a'Baum scale, and inconnection with flashtests.

- It is believed that the fuel oil, compounded as above described, isfreely-"and fully.

combustible, leaving practically "no carbon deposits and producing asatisfactory power, greatly in excess of that of the entire petroleumfuels, now generally employed, and will lubricate the engine cylinders.

l/Vhile I have described a preferred manner of carrying out myinvention, I do not desire to be limited to the specific disclosure madeherein, for it will be obvious to others skilled in the art' 7 thatmodifications and refinements thereof. may be .made without materiallydeparting from the teaching and permit.

disclosure herein made, it being my intention to claim my invention asfully and comhave been pic/rated with the products of the distillationof crude petroleum. at a temperature up and to 350 degrees centigrade.

.3. A fuel oil comprising a mixture of solutions of naphthalene,diphenyl, anthracene, chrysene', pyrene, anthraquinone,fluorene andretene in the light oils derived from the fractional distillation ofcoal tar with the products of the distillation of crude petroleum at atemperature up and to 350 dey grees centigrade.

' to 350 degrees centigrade.

4. A fuel oil comprising a mixture of solutions of picrated naphthalene,diphenyl, anthracene, chrysene, picrated pyrene, anthraquinone,'picrated fluorene and retene in the light oils derived from the,fractional distillation of coal tar with. the products of thedistillation of crude petroleum at a tempera-- ture up and to 350degrees centigrade.

5. A fuel comprising a mixture of oils derived from coal tars comprisinglight oils of a specific gravity of less than unity, heavy oils of aspecific gravity in excess of unity with the products of thedistillation of crude petroleumat a temperature up and to 350 degreescentigrade.

6. A hydrocarbon explosive fuel compris- I ing the products of thedistillation of crude petroleum at a temp'eratureup and to 350 degreescentigrade to which are added solutions of heavy oils in the light oilsderived from the fractional distillation of coal tar derivatives.

7 A fuel oil comprising the mixture of solutions of the separateradicals of the an-.

thracene group or series in the light oils derived from the fractionaldistillation of coal tar together with the products of the distillationof crude petroleum at a temperature up and to 350 degrees centigradeinsuitable proportions to secure the desiged gravity and flashing point.

8. A fuel oil consisting of a mixture of solutions of heavy oils derivedfrom the dis tillation of coal tar derivatives in light oils derivedfrom the distillation of coal tar derivatives which; said light oilshave been treated with sodium nitrite, together ,with the products ofthe distillation of crude petroleum at temperatures under 350 degreescentigrade.

9. A fuel comprising a mixture of oils derived from coal tarsconsisting. of light oils of a specific gravity of less than unity whichhave been treated with sodium nitrite,

heavy oils of a specific grayity in excess of unity with the products ofth'e distillation of crude petroleum at a temperature up and 10. Ahydrocarbon explosive fuel comprising the products of the distillationof crude -petroleum at a temperature up and to 350 degrees centigrade towhich are added solutions of heavy oils in the light o-ils derived fromthe fractional distillation of coal tar derivatives said light oilshaving been treated in a solution of sodium nitrite.

Signedat J oliet, county of Will and State of Illinois, this 18th dayof'October, 1918.

CURT L. E. MUELLER.

Witnesses: a 5 CALL McNAUcHToN,

HA'rrm WAGNER.

